『壹』 请高手帮忙翻译一下这篇机械工程专业英语短文，谢谢！！！
部队都规模和方向
大概是最简单awy界定武力是为了指出,这是一个推动或pull.however时,我们讲的是一种力量,负责议案,这是不够的,我们只知道其严重性,如果我们想知道什么结果就会导致.因此,如果有两种力量拉动同等规模,其结果带来的将取决于它们的动向都适用.拉向上直接对物体的力量, 10公斤,可改变位置的物体,在一个完全不同的方式,如果同一物体拉的是从一方与同等效力.部队就是被称为向量,即是油尖区都有大小和方向.为了解释对任何部队,无论其大小和方向必须休市.
很多时候,两股力量对行为对象在同一时间.在这种情况下,正是时候,有助于了解生成物这两股力量,那就是对组合的力量产生.如果两个单独的力量应用在同一方向时,很容易找出问题产生的.幅度两股力量加上视力巨大的合力.
还有一些案件中,两股力量行事的一个对象是相反的方向.如果两个人要对同一物体在同一时间内,并拉它在相反方向运动的对象始终是方向的人用更大的力量.一,拔河是一个例子,有两个这样的力量.定规模的合力,规模较小的部队必须减去较大,在这起案件.
sometmes可能有两个以上的力做功北郊同时进行.在这种情况下,因此他们带来将已知的,只有通过具体分析的规模,每年他们的角度上,然后做.如此规模和方向,是两个不可或缺的标准定的影响力willcause .
诚实点哈，我用软件翻译的
找人帮你翻译怎么多，有点不可能
『贰』 求高手帮忙找一篇英文机械类文章
Advanced Manufacturing: Robotic Technology and Automation
Summary
At present a Car Company manufacture a part of an automobile suspension assembly known as a Crosstube. They are considering moving from manual to robotic proction in either a single cell/single robot or line/multi robot layout. The following report recommends the use of the Fanuc Arc Mate robot, which is a compact, six axis, molar-built, electric servo-driven robot which is controlled by the a R-J3 controller with ArcTool application software. All ancillary equipment options are considered.
The two layouts are considered and all health and safety implications are detailed. The report concludes with a discussion on the validity of each layout. For low volume manufacture it is recommended that a single-cell layout is utilised. For economic proction of high volumes a line layout would be the primary choice.
Contents
1.0 Introction
2.0 Robot Specification
2.1 Mechanical Characteristics
2.2 Performance Specifications
2.3 Programming & Control Methods
3.0 Specification Of Ancillary Equipment
3.1 Welding Tool
3.2 Gripper
4.0 Robotic Assembly
4.1 Cell Layout
4.1 Line Layout
5.0 Health and Safety
5.1 Cell Layout
6.2 Line Layout
6.0 Discussion
7.0 References
8.0 Appendix
1.0 Introction
BL Cars Ltd manufactures a part of an automobile suspension assembly. It is known as a Crosstube. The complete part consists of four thin sheets of steel presswork. Two parts are identical and are positioned either end of the larger cross brace, which has been formed from two larger pieces of sheet steel..
Presently the two parts making up the cross brace are secured using specific jigs. Once secure they are spot welded along the flange edges. The next step is to secure the two mounting plates to the presswork. The process is completed by arc welding the component to add extra strength to the spot welds and secure the mounting plates. N.B. When the parts are pressed from the sheet steel locating points are incorporated. This ensures each part is located in the correct position in the jig.
The use of instrial robots is ever increasing. The robot usually does a secondary machinery operation after a primary shaping operation. When performed manually, this secondary operation often requires the operator to work in an unpleasant environment, to carry out a repetitive and tiring task with bulky tools.
BL Cars Ltd is considering using robots to automate the Crosstube assembly process. The robots will be used for material handling, spot and arc welding in one of two contrasting layouts:
1. Single-cell, single robot -- low volumes
2. Line-layout, multi-robot -- high volumes
Compared to manual welds, robot welds provide the following benefits:
· A higher quality weld
· Greater consistency
· Increase arc on time as a proportion of total time
· Increased operator safety
· Automatic weld quality monitoring.
Compared to manual handling, robots handling provides the following benefits:
· Greater consistency
· Greater accuracy
· Increased repeatability
· Low running costs
2.0 Robot Specification
BL Cars Ltd have decided to use the Fanuc Arc Mate 50il. This robot is a compact, six axis, molar-built, electric servo-driven robot which is controlled by the R-J3 controller with ArcTool application software. The robot has been designed to maximise throughput and use of floor space by providing a compact, high speed design in a proven and reliable mechanical unit.
Fanuc Arc Mate 50il
· Price: Single robot £30,000
Mechanical Characteristics
· The robot has six axes of movement. The diagram below illustrates axis movement:
· The diagram below illustrates the floor space required for mounting:
· Physical dimensions
Performance Specifications
Programming & Control Methods
The majority of MIG welding jobs are concted manually. It is relatively recently that machines have come on to the market with sufficient positional repeatability to automate the process reliably and flexibly. Arc welding using MIG is a complex multi-variable control task. Therefore is imperative that an effective controller is chosen.
The controller BL Cars LTD has chosen to use is the R-J3 shown below:
FANUC Robotics' SYSTEM R-J3 Controller uses advanced technology packaged in a proven, reliable third generation controller design. Process capability and open architecture features improve application and motion performance while simplifying system integration.
SYSTEM R-J3 incorporates FANUC Robotics' unique "plug-in-options" concept which allows the flexibility for applications specific configurations while maintaining a commonality for all users of the system.
Features:
· 32-bit main CPU with al processor architecture permits fast calculations, reces program execution times and increases path accuracy
· Provides extensive line of compact I/O moles for both digital and analogue signals
· Allows for fast power-up and program execution with auto resume after cycle start
· High-speed, precision control of up to 6 axes of motion
· Auxiliary axes options can support up to three separate motion groups, each with its own control program and simple kinematic models
· Advanced communications and networking capabilities include built-in Ethernet and PCMCIA interface
· AccuPath provides enhanced path tracking ring linear and circular motion while minimizing speed variations
· Collision detection minimizes potential damage to the robot or end-of-arm tooling
· Collision detection minimizes potential damage to the robot or end-of-arm tooling
· Use of surface mounting and 3-D packaging reces components and increases reliability
· Quick change servo amplifier reces maintenance time
· Distributed I/O options rece cabling costs and simplify troubleshooting
· Increased use of fiber optics simplifies connections and enables faster communications
· Increased use of fibre optics simplifies connections and enables faster communications
· Multi-tasking operating system allows execution of several concurrent user programs
· Instant trigger response (*4 ms) increases repeatability and improves process control.
Benefits:
· Reces capital expenses: -Molar package allows rotator to be added only if needed -Eliminates expensive tools typically required to trim parts -Reces number of robots required to achieve a target throughput
· Increases throughput and quality up to 35% over competitive robotic tracking systems and manual welding
· Adaptive well bias optimises weld wire positioning to fill lap joint gaps without recing travel speeds (100 inches per minute)
· Root Pass Memorization (RPM) allows users to perform multi-pass welds without retracking.
3.0 Specification Of Ancillary Equipment
Welding Tool
BL Cars have two options:
1. Use senseless robots and relatively precise tooling, better jigs, and more efficient transportation. This method reces dimensional variation.
2. Use a robot and sensor system to locate the start and end points of each weld. This method also traces the seam steering the weld torch, and as a result reces the error.
Precise tooling is very expense. Taking into account capital and recurrent costs BL Cars will utilise robots with sensors.
Seam Tracking Sensor
'The MIG EYE seam tracking sensor equips FANUC Robotics' welding systems with a laser-based tracking sensor. Designed specifically for arc welding sheet metal stampings, MIG EYE locates weld seams and provides real time control of the robot's path to maintain proper alignment between weld wire and joints.' The aim of this equipment is to maximise the quality and the speed of the weld.
Assuming BL Cars Ltd choose to integrate this tool with an ARC Mate robot and Arc Tool software, MIG EYE reces total programming time, enhances uptime and increases throughput for a wide variety of welding systems.
The illustration below shows a tool which incorporates a sensor and MIG welder.
Figure 2 torch/sensor package (57mm Diameter)
Handling Tool
To automate the line layout a handling tool is required. The tool will be used to hold the job whilst it is welded. It is necessary to consider the shape, orientation, weight, and the centre of gravity of the part. Once these variable have been determined an appropriate gripper can be selected.
For photograph of chosen tool, and further information on handling tool application software please refer to appendix 1.
4.0 Robotic Assembly
A robotic assembly cell is an independent unit consisting of one or more robots and associated peripheral equipment, by means of which a complete proct can be assembled as far as possible.
Cells are characterised by:
· Relatively long cycle times
· Relatively large number of various parts assembled per robot
In the automotive instry the ratio of assembly cells to assembly lines is approximately 2:1.
Cell Layout
The diagram below illustrates a simple cell layout.
Robotic Assembly Line
A line layout comprises two robotic stations which are installed in series. The cycle times are relatively short, and also a limited number of parts per station and proct transport between stations.
Line Layout
The diagram below illustrates possible line layout:
Financial Considerations
Set-up costs are greater in a line layout since there are two robots and extra ancillary equipment. However all line layout is capable of significantly higher throughput levels. Therefore if high volume manufacture is required a line layout will be the most economic option, providing a lower overhead cost/unit.
5.0 Health and Safety
When implementing any form of system within a manufacturing environment it is imperative that all health and safety implications are taken into account and the appropriate precautions are incorporated.
The majority of accidents involving robots have occurred:
1. Whilst an operator is programming
2. Whilst concting experimental robot sequences
3. Whilst an operator is adjusting and/or maintaining peripheral devices
4. As a result of poor provision or installation of safety equipment
From the above information it is apparent that when setting up a robotic cell it is important to consider
1. Operator safety whilst programming and/or maintaining the robotic system
2. Equipment protection.
With robot systems, the type of robot, its use and its relationship to other plant will all influence the design and selection of safeguards. Any safeguard chosen must permit the required operations to be concted and where necessary, teaching, programming, setting, maintenance and trouble-shooting operations to be carried out.
Prior to safeguard design all hazards and injury risks must be identified. In this case a single robot cell will require a different level of safeguarding to a multi robot line layout.
Perimeter fencing will be used to protect all members of staff from the equipment line. The fencing will consist of a hollow section steel framework in filled with mesh. All sections will be 2m high and securely fastened to the framework
Where there is a danger of molten metal and welding flash infringing regulations, the filling between the framework will be manufactured from sheet steel. A sliding access gate will be located either side of the line to allow for regular access. A presence sensing device will be linked to the control system to instantly cut power to all machinery within the restricted area.
Cell Layout Specific
An operator will be working with the robot within the cell. Therefore it is important that suffient safety devices are incorporated within the cell to ensure operator safety.
Four emergency stop buttons will be strategically positioned in and around the cell to allow emergency shut down in the event of a problem.
An escape path and guidelines will be displayed outside the cell to highlight to the operator the action that should be taken if the robot goes out of control.
Pressure mats will be placed around the robot. When pressure is applied to the mat the system is shut down. An alarm system will also be incorporated within the system to indicate human presence.
The operator within the cell will always have ultimate control over robot activity.
Infra-red curtains are flexible and reliable and make an excellent method of operator protection.
Line Layout Specific
Whilst operating under normal conditions its is unlikely that a robot will require manual human input.
In addition to the general safety precautions, it is necessary to consider the possibility of the two robots damaging themselves and other equipment. This will be achieved by using positive stops which limit the movement of the robot to part of its envelope. Trip devices will be utilised to stop the robot if it comes into contact with people or other equipment
A trapped key exchange will be used to secure all gates. This system will positively isolate the power supply to all parts of the robot installation. There is a lock on all perimeter gates and a lock on an isolator controlling the robot actuators. The key cannot be removed from the lock to open the gate unless the system is in a safe state.
7.0 Discussion
The crosstube is mass proced, i.e. high volumes are required. The most cost effective layout choice would be the line-layout. Although higher set-up costs are involved initially the cost of implementing cells with an equivalent rate of throughput would be greater.
However it is likely that this proct will move into decline and the number of these procts demanded will fall. When this occurs the line layout could be abandoned, the space utilised for a part in growth, and a single cell could be established for dedicated proction of the cross tube.
BL Cars Ltd must consider using robots cell for the economic manufacture of prototype and growth procts. As growth slows and a proct is nearing maturity a line-layout can be considered (volume determined)This method of assembly would be partially useful in the decline period of the procts life cycle, as the cell would be capable of procing other similar parts or parts within the proct family.
8.0 References
· www.franucrobots.com
· Rooks. B., Rover 75 Sets New Standard In Body In White Assembly. International Journal, Vol. 26, Is 5, 1999
· Bromley. J. S.E., Davey. P.G., Vidler. A. R., Clocksin. W. F., Morgan. C. G.. An Implementation of Model Based Visual Feedback for Robot Arc Welding of Thin Sheet Steel. International Journal of Robotics Research Vol. 4 No. 1 1985
· Asfahl. R. C. 1992. Robots and Manufacturing Automation. John Wiley
· Rampersad. H.K. 1994. Intergrated and Simultaneous Design for Assembly. John Wiley
这里有个电子杂志，是有关机械制造的：
http://www.censusbureau.biz/prod/ec02/ec0231i333613.pdf
论文：
http://www.nseresearch.org/2006/NewFiles/Ferreira%200328162%20Overview%20NSEC%202004.pdf
http://128.119.56.118/~nse2004/docs/OVERVIEW%20PAGES/NSEC_2_O_UCIC_Ferreira.pdf
简介：
http://www.careercornerstone.org/pdf/me/mecheng.pdf
『叁』 英文 机械 短文 求5篇 英文机械类短文
Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis,design,manufacturing,and maintenance of mechanical systems.It is the branch of engineering that involves the proction and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design,proction,and operation of machines and tools.[1] It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines.
The engineering field requires a vast understanding of core concepts including mechanics,kinematics,thermodynamics,materials science,and structural analysis.Mechanical engineers use these core principles along with tools like computer-aided engineering and proct lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants,instrial equipment and machinery,heating and cooling systems,motorized vehicles,aircraft,watercraft,robotics,medical devices and more.
这一篇是对机械工程的简单介绍
这样的文章真不好找呢
『肆』 求一篇对于机械类专业英语认识或者看法的400字英文短文
问题补充：所求文章不一定得是一篇完整的，可以是谋篇杂志，或书籍上节选的对于存在问 题的机械，应编制合理的检修计划，并立即组织实施。 (2)新购
『伍』 求几篇关于机电专业英文的文章～
呵呵……我找到了
我们学校的校内资源有的，外面下不到的。你也太懒了吧！！还想要我给你转成word，给你pdf的，自己动手啊。十篇够了吧？？？
都是英语的，我也看不懂，不过挑的是理工类的，应该好着。
记得把分给我哈，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……
不过我可以传到网络文库，你们一后可以免费下的。
『陆』 关于机械专业的英语小短文
搜一下：关于机械专业的英语小短文
『柒』 求一篇关于机械专业学习的感受的英语作文
没人回答 分给我
『捌』 急求一篇机械类文章中英文对照翻译(急救!)
in the layout,a single strand straightener is shown,which should be the proper design for this range of procts.please clarift and correct.
it is mentioned that in housingless stands,the load bearing angle of bearing are 120 degrees,twice as much as conventional stands.Why this angle is any different from conventional stands.
are all Universal stands identical?The roll sizes do not change from the first stands of the tandem mill to the last?
Cooling bed length of 78 meters is too short.We should add anonther 12 or 24 meters to it.Cooling calculations should be done with a site ambient temperature of 40℃,which is normal in summer time.
With a roller interspacing of 1200mm and 105 rolls,the length of bed run-in table would be more than 100 meter,as it is mentioned in the text.Please clarift.
Again it is assumed that the straigthener is amulti-strand one(discharging from bed in layers).Please clarift.
it is mentioned that the run out table length is 66meter. How this would be possible while the length of the bar on cooling bed could be close to 78 meters?The length of run-out should be adjusted after deciding about the bed length(90 or 102 meters)
在地面区划中，滨弄直被显示,这应该是 procts.please clarift 的这一范围的适当设计而且改正。
一般提到，在无住屋的台子，举止的负荷举止角度是 120 度,两次像传统的台子一样的很多。为什么这一个角度是任何的不同传统的台子。
所有的全世界的台子是同一的吗?卷物大小不从纵排压榨机的第一个台子改变到最后?
78 公尺的冷却床长度太短。我们应该把 anonther 12 or 24 公尺加入它。冷却计算应该与 40 的位置周围温度一起做℃,在夏天时间，常态是哪一个。
藉由滚筒 1200 毫米和 105个卷物的间隔，床的长度跑 - 在桌子中会不只是 100 公尺,当它被在本文提到之时。请 clarift 。
再一次它被假定 straigthener 是 amulti-搁浅一.(在层中从床卸货)请 clarift 。
它被提到奔跑出自桌子长度是 66 公尺。 当在冷却的床上的酒吧的长度可能是接近 78 公尺的时候，这会如何是可能的?奔跑的长度-在决定有关床长度的事之后在外应该被调整 (90 or 102 公尺)